A sacrament is an outward and visible sign (like bread, water, oil, fire) that points to something real beyond itself. Sacraments avail to all who receive them God's unmerited favor and help (grace).
The saving words and deeds of Jesus Christ are the foundation of what he would communicate in the Sacraments through the ministers of the Church. Guided by the Holy Spirit, the Church recognizes the existence of Seven Sacraments instituted by the Lord. These Sacraments are Baptism, the Eucharist, Confirmation, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Matrimony, and Holy Orders.
Jesus gave us the Sacraments to call us to worship God, to build up the Church, to deepen our faith, to show us how to pray, to connect us with the living Tradition of the Church, and to sanctify us.
– United States Catholic Catechism for Adults